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Bald Eagles
Eagles are one of the most majestic of all North American birds
and it is easy to see why our forefathers chose the eagle as our
national symbol. They are powerful, large efficient hunters.
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What do bald eagles look like?
Adult bald eagles have a noticeable white head and tail. Their
other plumage is brown and their bill, feet, and eyes are
yellow. They have a sharp, down turned bill and 2 inch long
talons. Immature eagles have a brown speckled plumage with
white specks under their wings for their first four to five
years of age. Eagles have a small, chattery call that is not
very impressive for such a magnificent bird.
Did you know that eagles are raptors?
Raptors are birds of prey, or birds that catch and kill live
animals.
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Continue reading "Bald Eagles" »
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Did you know that foxes are part of the dog family known
as canids?
Wolves and coyotes are also part of the canid family.
Where do foxes live?
Red Foxes are the most common species of foxes and are found
throughout most of the US and Canada. They live in woodlands
and also farm land. Common Gray Foxes are also found in the
Border Country and most of the eastern US.
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Did you know that adult foxes usually live alone?
Adult red foxes usually live alone except during the mating season
in January and February and when raising young.
Instead of sleeping in a den, an adult fox usually curls up with
its fluffy tail over its nose and feet to protect itself from the
cold. In the winter, sometimes the snow will cover them in a blanket
which insulates them from the wind and cold weather.
Continue reading "Red Fox" »
Three-Spined Stickleback
Gasterosteus aculeatus
The Three-Spined Stickleback is native to much of northern Europe, northern Asia and North America. It has been introduced into parts of southern and central Europe. The Three-Spined Stickleback reaches a maximum length of 11 cm. Many populations take 2 years to mature and experience only one breeding season before dying and some can take up to 3 years to reach maturity. They have three or four spines on their backs. Three-Spined Sticklebacks can live in fresh, brackish or salt water. Fresh water varieties chiefly live in shallow inland ponds and streams but have also been found in the Great Lakes. Southern Lake Michigan currently has the largest population of Three-Spined Sticklebacks.
Continue reading "Three-Spined Stickleback" »
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Did you know that Pine Martens are in the mustelid or
weasel-like mammal family?
Martens are related to mink, otters, badgers, wolverines,
weasels, and skunks.
What do martens look like?
Pine martens are very agile and can climb high up in the tree
tops. They are slender with a pointed face and a bushy tail.
Their tail helps them balance in the trees. Male martens are
larger than females. They are about the same length as a house
cat. These cute animals are between 19-27 inches long including
their tail which is from 5-9 inches long. They only weigh
between 1-3 pounds. Pine martens are brown with paler underparts
and dark brown legs. They have small rounded ears and sharp
teeth for eating meat.
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Zebra Mussel
Dreissena polymorpha
The Zebra Mussel is a bivalve mussel native to freshwater lakes of southeast Russia. They look like small clams with a yellowish or brownish "D"-shaped shell, usually with dark and light-colored stripes. They can be up to two inches long, but most are under an inch. Zebra Mussels usually grow in clusters containing numerous individuals and are generally found in shallow (6-30 feet), algae-rich water. They are the ONLY freshwater mollusk that can firmly attach itself to solid objects—submerged rocks, dock pilings, boat hulls, water intake pipes, etc.
An adult female Zebra Mussel may produce between 30,000 to 1,000,000 eggs per year. Spawning usually begins in the months from late spring to early summer. The mussel may spawn during each of these periods. The presence of food is the first factor that contributes to spawning. During this time large algal populations produce a pheromone recognized by zebra mussels. However, temperature is the main factor that triggers spawning and mussels rarely spawn at temperatures lower than 12 degrees Celsius. If the water becomes colder, spawning may be postponed until the water warms.
Continue reading "Zebra Mussel" »
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The boreal forest is home to so many interesting birds but
perhaps the most intelligent is the Raven.
What do Common Ravens look like?
Ravens are the largest of all the songbirds. They are 2 feet
long and have a 4 feet wingspan. They are jet black and have
shaggy feathers around their neck. Ravens have a distinct
bill with a curve on the upper part. Their tails are wedge
shaped and long.
What do ravens sound like?
Ravens make a very loud, sharp, krak sound. They also make
a sound like a low throaty rattle.
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Continue reading "Raven" »
Wood Turtle
Clemmys insculpta
The name "wood" suits this medium-sized turtle. Each roundish segment of its six to eight-inch shell looks like a woodgrained cross-section of a branch, complete with growth rings and yellow rays radiating from protruding blackflecked centers.
When the shell is dry, the grooves take on a spider web pattern. A noticeable midrib or keel runs front to back. The bottom shell is yellow with each segment blotched black along its side. A black, blunt head and brown limbs are highlighted red or yellow on throat and soft connecting flesh. Males have long, thick tails with. Females have smaller tails. The Wood Turtle is semi-aquatic, living along forested rivers and streams. Water pollution, irrigation, and forest erosion have effected its habitat.
Active by day, April to November, Wood Turtles are omnivorous and consume insects, mussels, carrion, berries, dandelions and other succulent herbs. In late fall, Wood Turtles inhabit stream banks and hibernate over winter in large community burrows.
Continue reading "Wood Turtle" »
Herring Gull
Larus argentatus
The Herring Gull is a large gull which breeds across North America, Europe, and Asia. It migrates further south in winter. Some are permanent residents on the lower Great Lakes and the east coast of North America. Herring Gulls are also abundant around inland garbage dumps, and some have even adapted to life in inland cities.
Continue reading "Herring Gull" »
Round Goby
Neogobius melanostomus
The Round Goby is a freshwater bottom-dwelling fish native to central Eurasia including the Black Sea and Caspian Sea. A type of goby, it is typically 4-10 inches in length and has grey, black, and brown coloring.
While young, its coloring is grey with a distinctive black spot on the front dorsal fin. Upon maturation the coloring becomes spotted with gray, black, brown, and olive green markings. The eyes protrude slightly from the top of the head and it has a suction disk on its pelvic fins.
It feeds nocturnally and is believed to detect prey only while stationary. Its primary diet includes mollusks, crustaceans, worms, fish eggs, small fish, and insect larvae.
Continue reading "Round Goby" »
Saw Whet Owl
Aegolius acadicus
The Northern Saw-Whet Owl is a small owl. Adults are 18cm long with a 43 cm wingspan. They have a large round light grey face with brown streaks, a dark beak and yellow eyes. The lower part of their body is pale with dark streaks; the upper part of their body is brown with white spots.
Their breeding habitat is coniferous forests, sometimes mixed or deciduous woods, across North America. They nest in a tree cavity, usually one created by a woodpecker. They will sometimes use nesting boxes. Some are permanent residents; others may migrate south in winter or move down from higher elevations.
Continue reading "Saw-Whet Owl" »
Spiny Water Flea
Bythotrephes cederstroemi
The Spiny Water Flea is not an insect at all, but a tiny (less than half an inch long) crustacean with a long, sharp, barbed tail spine. A native of Great Britain and northern Europe east to the Caspian Sea, the animal was first found in Lake Huron in 1984—probably imported in the ballast water of a trans-oceanic freighter. Since then, populations have exploded and the animal can now be found throughout the Great Lakes and in some inland lakes.
No one is really sure what effect Spiny Water Fleas will have on the ecosystems of the Great Lakes region. But resource managers are worried, because the animals may compete directly with young perch and other small fish for food, such as "Daphnia" zooplankton.
Continue reading "Spiny Water Flea" »
Trumpeter Swan
Cygnus buccinator
The Trumpeter Swan is the largest native North American swan and only swan species found solely in North America. These birds have white plumage with a long neck, a short black bill which extends back to the eyes and short black legs. Their wingspan can be 3 m (about 9 feet). Young Trumpeter Swans are grey in appearance, becoming white after the first year.
Natural populations of these swans migrate to the Pacific coast and northwestern United States, flying south in V-shaped flocks. Lake Superior is along their migration route. Released populations are mostly non-migratory.
Continue reading "Trumpeter Swan" »
Mudpuppy
Necturus maculosus
We're definitely not talking about a type of dog here! The Mudpuppies are a family of aquatic salamanders. They are an ancient species, dating from the time of the dinosaurs.
Mudpuppies are unique among amphibians in that they spend their entire lives underwater, never developing air-breathing lungs. They develop external gills for respiration. The gills resemble fish gills in many ways, but differ from fish gills in that they are external and lack any form or covering. The bright red exposed gills can be 'flapped' to increase water circulation during low oxygen tension conditions.
Continue reading "Mudpuppy" »
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Did you know that mink are in the same family as weasels
and pine martens?
Mink are part of the mustelid family. These animals live
alone along riverbanks and lakeshores.
What do mink look like?
They have dark brown fur with a light colored patch of
fur on their throat. Mink are long and slender and they move
gracefully under water. The males are longer than females
and they are usually between 16-29 inches. Their tails are
quite long and bushy and make up about 1/3 of the mink’s
length. Mink weigh between 1 ½ pounds and 3 ½ pounds.
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Where are mink found?
Mink are found in most of the United States except for southern
California, Arizona, western Texas, and southern New Mexico and
Utah. They live near fresh water.
Continue reading "Mink" »
Ross’s Goose
Chen rossii
The Ross' Goose is a small goose, similar in appearance to the Snow Goose. Like the Snow Goose, it is typically white with black wingtips. Juveniles are mostly gray. The Arctic nesting grounds of the Ross' Goose consist of tundra, marshes, and ponds. In winter and during migration, these geese can be found in shallow lakes, fresh-water marshes, flooded fields, and other agricultural lands.
Ross' Geese are usually in flocks, often mixed with Snow Geese. Their tendency to roost in tight flocks and be easily attracted to decoys may have made them vulnerable to market hunters, who had a significant impact on the population. These geese typically forage on the ground, wading or swimming in shallow water. Almost exclusively plant-eaters, Ross' Geese eat grasses, sedges, and grain. In the fall, they eat more seeds and grains than grasses.
Continue reading "Ross's Goose" »
Snow Goose
Chen caerulescens
The Snow Goose is a North American species of goose. Its name derives from the typically white plumage. This goose breeds in northern Canada and the northeastern tip of Siberia, and winters much further south in the continent in the southern USA and beyond. These birds migrate in large flocks, often visiting traditional stopover habitats in spectacular numbers. Lake Superior is one area these geese stop along their migration route.
Continue reading "Snow Goose" »
Rusty Crayfish
Orconectes rusticus
Rusty Crayfish inhabit lakes, ponds, and streams. They prefer areas that offer rocks, logs, or other debris as cover. Bottom types may be clay, silt, sand, gravel, or rock. Rusty Crayfish inhabit both pools and fast water areas of streams. They generally do not dig burrows other than small pockets under rocks and other debris, although there have been reports of more substantial burrows. Unlike some species that dig burrows to escape ponds that are drying up or becoming inhospitable, Rusty Crayfish need permanent lakes or streams that provide suitable water quality year-round.
Rusty Crayfish have invaded portions of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Ontario, and many other areas. Although native to parts of some Great Lakes states, Rusty Crayfish have spread to many northern lakes and streams where they cause a variety of ecological problems.
Continue reading "Rusty Crayfish" »
Double-Crested Cormorant
Phalacrocorax auritus
The Double-Crested Cormorant is a North American member of the Cormorant family of seabirds. The Double-Crested Cormorant is a large black bird 74–91 cm (29"–36") long, with a wingspan up to 132 cm (52"). It has a long tail and a yellow throat-patch, and can appear to have a green sheen in certain lighting. The white double head crest is seen for a short period during the breeding season in western birds; it is duller in eastern birds. Juveniles are brown with a white face, neck, and breast.
Breeding occurs in coastal areas as well as near inland rivers and lakes. They build stick nests in trees, on cliff edges, or on the ground on suitable islands. They are gregarious birds usually found in colonies, often with other aquatic birds, and have a deep, guttural grunt call.
Continue reading "Double-Crested Cormorant" »
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When people camp in the Border Country in the summer, one
of the birds they are almost sure to see is the loon. Loons
are water birds that spend their summers on the lakes of northern
states such as Minnesota and Maine.
Did you know that loons make an incredible sounding call
that sounds rather like a wolf howl?
This loon call sounds mournful and eerie to campers but to
other loons it is a way of communicating with each other.
It is thrilling to hear loon cries out in the wild. Their
calls are almost mesmerizing when the long cries travel across
the lakes.
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Continue reading "Loons" »
Coho
Oncorhynchus kisutch
The Coho Salmon is a species of anadromous fish in the salmon family. Coho normally have silver sides and dark blue backs, but during their spawning phase they develop bright red sides, bluish green heads and backs, dark bellies with dark spots on their back and their jaws and teeth of become hooked. Mature Coho Salmon average 38 inches in length and seven to 11 pounds in weight, although Coho weighing up to 36 pounds have been reported.
The Coho is native to the North Pacific, but this fish has become a part of the Lake Superior fish population. After the Lamprey invasion of the Great Lakes, part of the effort to revive the lakes involved stocking them with other fish. This is how the Coho Salmon came to be in Lake Superior. These salmon have been planted in Lake Michigan and Lake Superior annually since 1966 and are now an important part of these lakes’ sport fishing industry.
Continue reading "Coho Salmon" »
Woodland Caribou
Rangifer tarandus-caribou
The Woodland Caribou is the darkest of the Caribou subspecies. The Woodland Caribou is a rare, medium-sized member of the deer family that is closely related to the reindeer. They have a life span of about 10-15 years in the wild. The Woodland Caribou is about 4 feet (1.2 m) tall at the shoulder and is about 6 feet (1.8 m) long. Bulls (males) average 400 pounds (180 kg) and cows (females) average 250 pounds (115 kg). Unlike most other types of deer, both bulls and cows have antlers. The antlers are shed each year and regrow. The Caribou have very wide hooves and a broad muzzle; bulls have a white mane.
Woodland Caribou are found throughout much of the boreal, or northern, forests from British Columbia and the Yukon Territory to Newfoundland and Labrador. In mountainous areas of western Canada, Woodland Caribou make seasonal movements from winter range on forested mountainsides to summer range on high, alpine tundra. Farther east, in the more level areas of boreal forest, many Woodland Caribou occupy mature forest and open bogs and fens, or low-lying wet areas.
Continue reading "Woodland Caribou" »
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Did you know that black bears weigh 150-400 pounds?
These large beautiful animals are found throughout the Border
Country. During the summer they spend plenty of time snooping
around campsites looking for campers' food. These bears are
not interested in hurting you; their main goal is to get to
your food!
Where do black bears live?
Black bears are unique to North America. They are found on
the Pacific coast all the way across the Rockies up through
the Great Lakes and over to the east coast down to Florida.
Bears live primarily in the woods and they have a remarkable
way of adapting to people moving in to their territory. In
some places where humans have moved into wooded areas, bears
can be a nuisance rummaging through peoples' trash.
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Continue reading "Black Bear" »
Sea Lamprey
Petromyzon marinus
Sea Lampreys live mostly in coastal and fresh waters. They are primitive fish native to the Atlantic Ocean. However, they can also be found in the Great Lakes. Lacking jaws, their round mouths form a sucking disc filled with sharp, horn-shaped teeth that surround a rasping tongue. Unlike most fish, a lamprey's body has cartilage but no bones, scaleless skin, and no paired fins. Much like eels in that they have no scales, an adult Lamprey can range anywhere from 5 to 40 inches (13 to 100 centimeters) long. Lampreys have one or two dorsal fins, large eyes, one nostril on the top of their head, and seven gills on each side.
Lampreys begin life as burrowing freshwater larvae. which burrow into stream bottoms and feed on debris and small plant life (algae) for an average 3 to 6 years. After this, they transform into adults in a metamorphosis which involves a radical rearrangement of internal organs, development of eyes and transformation from a mud-dwelling filter feeder into an efficient swimming predator, which typically moves into the sea or lake to begin a predatory/parasitic life. The adults that migrate into the Great Lakes spend 12 to 20 months feeding on fish. The complete life cycle, from egg to adult, can take an average of 5 to 8 years to complete.
Continue reading "Sea Lamprey" »
Canada Goose
Branta canadensis
The Canada Goose has a black head and neck with white stripe under the chin. It is is 90-100 cm long with a 160-175 cm wing span. Males weigh 3.5–6.5 kg, (8–14 pounds), and can be very aggressive in defending territory. A pair may mate for life (around 20 years). The female looks virtually identical but is slightly lighter at 3–5.5 kg (7–12 pounds), and has a different honk.
These birds feed mainly on plant material. When feeding in water, they submerge their heads and necks to reach aquatic plants, sometimes tipping forward like a dabbling duck. Flocks of these birds often feed on leftover cultivated grains in fields, especially during migration or in winter.
Continue reading "Canada Goose" »
Eurasian Ruffe
Gymnocephalus cernuus
The Ruffe (pronounced “rough”) is a freshwater fish found in temperate regions of Europe and northern Asia. It has been introduced into the Great Lakes with unfortunate results.
The ruffe is about 25cm in total length. It lives in the deeper waters of lakes and quiet pools, or at the margins of streams, preferring a sandy or gravel bottom. It eats mainly invertebrates from the bottom of the water, though it will take small fish and some plant matter. It is in turn preyed on by larger fish.
Continue reading "Eurasian Ruffe" »
Chinook Salmon
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
The Chinook Salmon, also known as King Salmon, is a species of anadromous fish in the salmon family. An anadromous fish regularly lives in the sea, but will migrate to freshwater to breed. It is a Pacific Ocean salmon, but has been introduced to many other bodies of water throughout the world, including the Great Lakes.
The Chinook salmon is blue-green on the back and top of the head with silvery sides and white underneath. It has black spots on its tail and the upper half of its body; its mouth is a dark gray. Adult fish average 33 to 36 inches (840 to 910 mm), but may be up to 58 inches (1.47 metres) in length; they average 10 to 50 pounds (5 to 25 kg), but may reach 130 pounds (50 kg).
Continue reading "Chinook Salmon" »
| Wolves are one of the most misunderstood animals
in the forest. Many people fear wolves and think they are a
threat to humans. Nursery rhymes and fairy tales depict wolves
as "big and bad." In reality wolves are shy and much
more afraid of us then we are of them. |
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Did you know that wolves are closely related to dogs?
People a few thousand years ago took wolves and tamed them or domesticated
them. These domesticated wolves are now what we call dogs.
Continue reading "Wolf" »
Did you know that moose are the largest member of the deer family?
Male moose, known as bulls, can weigh as much as 1,400 pounds. That
is equivalent to about 8 grown men! However, the species of moose
found here in the Border Country are usually between 700 and 1,200 pounds.
Females usually weigh between 700 and 1,100 pounds and males are between
900 and 1,200 pounds. Moose are unique, charismatic animals. They are
easily identified by their large noses, humped shoulders, and great
size. These animals also have a huge flap of skin and fur under
their necks called a "bell." Male moose have a much larger
bell than females. Another cool characteristic of moose are the
large antlers found on males. Sometimes these antlers weigh as much
as 75 pounds! The males spend a lot of their energy growing these
impressive antlers. Each year the antlers are shed between mid-December
and January and begin to grow again in early spring. Antlers grow
quickly and a thin furry covering known as "velvet" begins
to grow over them. In August, when the antlers are full grown, the
velvet sloughs off within a few days.
Did you know that moose can run up to 35 miles per hour?
They can also move quickly in water. Moose are very good swimmers
and they can swim about 6 miles per hour. That is quite impressive
for a creature with four long, skinny legs.
Continue reading "Moose" »
Canada Lynx
Lynx canadensis
The Canada Lynx (Lynx canadensis) is a close relative of the Eurasian Lynx. Some characteristics of the Canada Lynx are quite similar to the Bobcat.
This cat is found in northern forests across almost all of Canada and Alaska. In addition there are large lynx populations in Montana, Idaho and Washington. The Canada Lynx is rare in Utah, Minnesota, and New England. It is considered to be threatened in the United States.
The Canada Lynx has dense silvery brown and may bear blackish markings. In summer, their coat takes on a more reddish brown color. Males are larger than females. The lynx has a furry ruff which resembles a double-pointed beard, a short tail with a black tip and long furry tufts on its ears. Its long legs with broad furred feet aid the lynx in traveling through deep snow.
Continue reading "Canada Lynx" »
Lake Sturgeon
Acipenser fulvescens
The Lake Sturgeon is a North American temperate freshwater fish, one of about 20 species of sturgeon. Like other sturgeons, this species is an evolutionarily ancient bottom-feeder with a partly cartilaginous skeleton and skin bearing rows of bony plates. The fish uses its elongated, spadelike snout to stir up the sand and silt on the beds of rivers and lakes while feeding. Barbels (that look like whiskers) surrounding the mouth help it sense and manipulate food. The lake sturgeon can grow to a mass of over 100 kilograms and a length of 2 meters over its long lifetime. It can reach well over 100 years of age and usually is not ready to mate until its third decade of life.
Continue reading "Lake Sturgeon" »
| River otters are the most playful animals in the Border Country.
Otters are often found frolicing in the water alone or in groups.
They enjoy jumping and playing in river currents. In the winter
they slide on their bellies on the ice to make travel much faster.
Infact, when they get up enough speed they can run and slide
a distance of 27 feet! |
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Continue reading "River Otter" »
American Black Duck
Anas rubripes
The American Black Duck is a medium-sized duck. Both adult males and females look similar, with a yellow bill, a dark body, lighter head and neck, orange legs and dark eyes. They also have a shiny purple-blue wing patch, which is not bordered with white as with the Mallard.
Their breeding habitat is lakes, ponds, rivers, marshes and other aquatic environments in eastern Canada including the Great Lakes. Black ducks are closely related to Mallard ducks, and they interbreed. The behavior and sound are the same as for Mallard.
Continue reading "American Black Duck" »
Mallard Duck
Anas platyrhynchos
The Mallard is a common and widespread duck that breeds throughout the temperate and sub-tropical areas of North America, Europe and Asia. It can also be found in Central America and the Caribbean, and has been introduced into Australia and New Zealand. It is now the most common duck in New Zealand. It is probably the best-known of all ducks.
The Mallard is 56-65 cm length, with an 81–98 cm wingspan, and weighs 750–1000 g. The adult male is unmistakable, with a green head, black rear end and a blue feathers under their wings, edged with white. Males also possess a yellow bill with a black tip. The female Mallard is light brown, with a similar pattern of blue feathers under the wings. Females also have a dark brown bill.
Continue reading "Mallard Duck" »
Boreal Owl
Aegolius funereus
The Boreal Owl is a small owl (22-27 cm long with a 50-62 cm wingspan). This owl is also called Tengmalm’s Owl, named after the Swedish naturalist Peter Gustaf Tengmalm. The Boreal Owl looks brown above, with white flecking on the shoulders. Below it is whitish streaked brown. The head is large, with yellow eyes and a white facial disc. The flight is strong and direct. Young birds are chocolate brown.
Continue reading "Boreal Owl" »
Bobcat
Lynx rufus
The Bobcat is a small wild cat indigenous to North America. They have reddish-brown or yellowish-brown coats that are streaked with black or dark brown and have prominent, pointed ears with a tuft of black hair at the tip. They are white underneath. They are named for their short or "bobbed" tail. Bobcats stand approximately 45–58 cm (19–22 inches) high and weighs from 11–16 kg (24–35 lb).
Its habitat is deciduous forests, semi-deserts, scrublands and wooded areas in most of the United States and Mexico. They can also survive in cities. The Bobcat can be found in a few parts of southern Canada, where its range overlaps with the habitat of the related Canada Lynx. Hybridization between wild Canada Lynx and Bobcat has been documented in Maine and Minnesota.
Continue reading "Bobcat" »
Lake Trout
Salvelinus namaycush
Lake trout is a freshwater fish living mainly in lakes in northern North America. Lake trout are prized both as game fish and as food fish. They are the largest of the trouts, the record weighing almost 46.3 kilograms. They were fished commercially in the Great Lakes until lampreys, over-fishing, and pollution severely reduced the stocks. Commercial fisheries still exist in some smaller lakes in northern Canada.
Continue reading "Lake Trout" »
Slaty-backed Gull
Larus schistisagus
The Slaty-Backed Gull is a large white-headed gull that breeds on the western coast of Alaska but travels widely during nonbreeding seasons. Claims have been made as to its occasional presence throughout North America as well as the eastern coast of Asia.
We had a lone Slaty-Backed Gull visiting the beach in the east bay of Grand Marais, MN for several weeks. This was the first time this type of gull has been spotted in this area. Although this bird is not typically found in the Great Lakes area, we decided to pay a special tribute to our foreign feathered friend in our very first Animal of the Day entry.
Continue reading "Slaty-Backed Gull" »
Beavers
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Did you know that beavers are one of the largest rodents in
North America?
These active animals weigh between 44 to 60 pounds. They are about
3-4 feet long.
Beavers live in ponds, lakes, rivers, marshes, and streams
all across the United States. However, they are not found
in Florida and parts of Nevada and California. |
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